Ecology of the Plateau Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma velasci) in the Biosphere Reserve Sierra Gorda-Guanajuato, Mexico

Abstract

Ambystoma velasci, an endemic axolotl species of Mexico, faces significant conservation challenges. Classified under Special Protection by Mexican regulations, this species is among the 18 endemic axolotl taxa at risk. Unfortunately, there are only a few ecological studies for this species, and aspects of their populations are generally unknown hindering effective conservation strategies. The present study addresses this gap by providing demographic insights on a population of A. velasci within a temperate environment of the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, Guanajuato (SGBR-G). The population exhibits facultative paedomorphosis and it comprises four age classes: hatchlings, juveniles, subadults, and metamorphosed adults, subadults were the most abundant class. Significant differences were observed in the occupation of the microhabitat and activity patterns across these age classes. Key threats to this population include the extraction of specimens, water contamination, and siltation of the primary pool, which is a critical refuge, breeding site, and foraging area. Given its symbolic importance to the SGBR-G and its ecological role, A. velasci warrants priority status in regional conservation programs. Long-term monitoring initiatives are essential to track population dynamics and inform effective management strategies for this species.